Heart Sounds Made Easy





This is a practical and simple guide to the art of cardiac auscultation and which teaches the reader how to identify a pathological heart murmur. The book explains what heart sounds are and how to use a stethoscope. It covers all the standard adult and child murmurs and is organised by region. It includes all the text of the tutorials. The CD provides in a series of tutorials the chance to listen to and identify the range of heart sounds; while in the pathology section a listener can focus down on each individual component of the sound allowing them to discern the key features of each murmur.


Table of Contents

How to use this book

1 Introduction 1
General physical examination 4
Cardiovascular examination 5
Investigations 10
2 Aortic area (upper right sternal edge) 13
Aortic stenosis 14
Venous hum 20
3 Pulmonary area (upper left sternal edge) 25
Atrial septal defect 26
Valvar pulmonary stenosis 31
Innocent pulmonary flow murmur 36
Patent ductus arteriosus 40
Loud P[subscript 2]
4 Mid left sternal edge 47
Aortic regurgitation 48
Subvalvar pulmonary stenosis 52
Pulmonary regurgitation 56
5 Lower left sternal edge 63
Innocent vibratory (Still's) murmur 64
Ventricular septal defect 68
Subaortic stenosis 77
Tricuspid regurgitation 81
6 Apex 83
Mitral regurgitation 84
Mitral valve prolapse 88
Mitral valve stenosis 92
7 The back 99
Coarctation 100
Branch pulmonary artery stenosis 102
Glossary 105


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