III. Comment
the following: (10M)
[1] Strophanthus
kombe used in urgently cardiac insufficiently.
From Strophanthus have very reduced toxicity per oral
than injection. They contain in position C5 un OH, which meaning more solubility
and rapid action but having short duration than digitalis, without accumulation
in organism and no attain the toxic doses. The best active compound is G -
strophanthoside or ouabaioside.
[2] Convallaria majalis used in rest of
Digitalis
The principal glycosides
is convallatoxine, which on hydrolysis gives strophanthidine and (-)
rhamnose.
[3] Using of licorice in
traditional medicine in cases of hemorrhoids.
Presence of numerous flavonoids and
isoflavonoids.
[4] The better taste of
Gentiana radix.
The root of
Gentian contains two bitter colored substance which give the bitter taste, there
are gentisine and isogentisine.
IV. Discuss Briefly about only
3 of the following Questions:
[1] Glycyrrhiza glabra (Phytochemicals & uses).
(4M)
Constituents: Alongside 25-30% starch,
3-10% glucose and others:
Sucrose, coumarine, triterpenoid, sterols, flavonoids and
saponine.
The saponine are
chiefly represented by glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) 3-5% of the weight of
the dried product. Numerous flavonoids and isoflavonoids have been isolated:
flavanones (liquiritine), chalcones (isoliquiritine) which hydrolyzed upon
drying.
Uses: anti-inflammatory properties,
duodenal ulcer, gastritis, food technology, epigastria bloating, impaired
digestion, cough.
[2] Oleum sesame & Oleum jecoris
(4M)
Oleum Sesami
زيت
الـُسـمسـم
Sesanum indicum
[ Pedaliaceae ]
liquid,
oily, pal yellow, sweetish, odourless, miscible with lypophyl
solvents
oleic 50% linolic 37% palmitic 7%, vitamins B, D, E,
F.
Preparation of injectabil solution.
[3]. Saponaria albae radix
(Phytochemicals & uses) (4M)
Constituents: contain 15
- 20 % triterpenoid saponine. Principal compound is gipsofila-saponine or
gipsoside and 13 - b - hydroxy dihydrogipsogenol.
Other compounds: volatile oils 018 %, lipids 0.12 % and mineral substance
6-8%.
Uses expectorant, diuretic. Gipsoside prolongate the action of narcotics,
convulsivant and analeptics.
[4] What are the signs and symptoms of
digoxin poisoning? (4M)
The
manifestations of digoxin poisoning are difficult to distinguish from the
effects associated with cardiac disease. The most common early symptoms of
toxicity are nausea and vomiting, which may precede or follow evidence of
cardiotoxicity. Other signs and symptoms include anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal
discomfort, headache, weakness, drowsiness, visual disturbances, mental
depression, confusion, restlessness, disorientation, unifocal or multifocal
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), paroxysmal nodal rhythms,
atrial-ventricular (A-V) dissociation, excessive slowing of the pulse, A-V
block, P-R prolongation, S-T depression and fibrillation of the atrial and
ventricular. Digoxin serum concentration >2.5ng/ml usually confirms the
diagnosis of poisoning.
V. Write about Macroscopically character
of Artemisia absinthium (4M)
Description: superior
parts are pubescent and branched with simple leaves, sessile. (2)
Color: the plant is greenish-grey but the flowers
are yellow (1)
Odor: aromatic
(0.5)
Taste: very better
(0.5)
Select the BEST Correct
Answer from the Following:(80M)
[1] Hegnaure classification for
alkaloids depend on:
(a) The function groups.
(b) The heterocycle
system.
(c) The presence of O2.
(d) The number of N atoms presence
in structure.
(e) Structure
[2] Imidazolic nucleus belong
to:
(a) Tryptophane alkaloids.
(b) Purine alkaloids.
(c)
Phynilalanine alkaloids.
(d) Anthranilic
acid alkaloids.
(e) Histidine
alkaloids.
[3] Atropa belladonna is contraindication in:
(a)
Spasms due to hyperacidity.
(b) Biliary dyskinesia.
(c)
Shock.
(d) Hypertension.
(e) All of the above.
[4] All of
the following characterized by the stimulation of CNS effect, but followed by
depression Except:
(a) Belladonna
(b) Nicotiana in small doses.
(c)
Coffeae
(d) Ginseng
(e) All of the above.
[5] The following structure
is:
(a) Nicotine.
(b)
Anabasine.
(c)
Nornicotine.
(d) Anatabine.
(e) Psudonioctine.
[6] Lethal dose for adult of Atropa
belladonna is:
(a) 0.04 – 0.06 mg.
(b) 0.04 – 0.06 g.
(c) 0.08 –
0.1 mg.
(d) 0.08 – 0.1 g.
(e) 0.01 – 0.02 mg.
[7] All of the following drugs
affecting mental activity EXCEPT:
(a) Purine base.
(b).
Ephedrine
(c) Yohimbine.
(d). Cocaine
(e)
Reserpine.
[8] Glabrous big leaves, oval, the midrib is prominent on the
lower surface, these elements characterized:
(a)
Withania folium.
(b) Bolivian
folium.
(c) Peruvian folium.
(d) Digitalis purpurea folium.
(e)
Digitalis lanata folium.
[9] The lethal dose of nicotine
is:
(a) ~ 80mg.
(b)
~ 60mg.
(c) ~ 40mg.
(d) ~ 20mg.
(e)
2mg.
[10] The following structure is:
(a)
b-Hydrastine.
(b)
Berberine.
(c)
Papaverine.
(d) Reserpine
(e) Reserpinine.
[11] Polysaccharide from Echinacea
responsible for:
(a) Tonic.
(b) Antimicrobian.
(c)
Anti-inflammatory.
(d)
Infection.
(e) Non of the
above.
[12] Oleum sesame belong to:
(a) Rosaceae
family.
(b) Pedaliaceae family.
(c) Ranunculaceae
family.
(d) Rubiaceae family.
(e) Solanaceae family.
[13]
Lanatosides results from:
(a) Primary glycosides.
(b) Secondary
glycosides.
(c) Enzymatic hydrolysis of primary compounds.
(d)
Enzymatic hydrolysis of secondary compounds.
(e) Enzymatic hydrolysis of
digoxin.
[14] The following structure is:
(a)
Gipsogenol.
(b) Glycyrrhizinic
acid.
(c) Protopanaxadiol
(d) Primulagenol A.
(e)
Artemitine
[15] In the plants, alkaloids occur as:
(a)
Basic.
(b) Non soluble salts.
(c) Soluble salts.
(d)
Quaternary.
(e) Acid.
[16] Hyoscyami leaves are
collected:
(a) Between 9-11 o’clock in the
beginning of flowering.
(b) . Between 11-14
o’clock in the beginning of flowering
(c) Spring
– autumn.
(d) When the plant is in full flower.
(e) Non of the above.
[17] The active principle of Conium
maculatum is:
(a) (-) Coniceine.
(b) (+) Coniine.
(c)
l Coniceine.
(d)
Volatile alkaloids.
(e)
N-methylconiine.
[18] Ashwagandha used in lumbago treatment,
because the present of:
(a) Alkaloids.
(b) Sterols.
(c)
Sitoindosides.
(d) Withanolides
(e) Polysaccharides.
[19]
Alkylamides from Echinacea responsible for:
(a)
Tonic.
(b) Antimicrobian.
(c) Anti-inflammatory.
(d)
Infection.
(e) Non of the
above.
[20] Increasing in OH groups number in cardenolide structure lead
to:
(a) Increasing in activity.
(b) Decreasing in activity.
(c)
Rapid action and metabolism.
(d)
Increasing solubility.
(e) Decreasing
solubility.
[21] There is no antidote in case of:
(a) Intoxication of opium.
(b)
Intoxication of Strychnine.
(c)
Intoxication of Aconite.
(d)
Intoxication of Veratri.
(e) Intoxication
of Ergots.
[22] The following structure is:
(a)
Aucuboside.
(b) Tuiol.
(c) Erythrocentaurine.
(d)
Abietic acid.
(e) Non of the
above.
[23] Pilocarpine has liquid character, thus it
consider:
(a) Alkaloids with
O2.
(b) Alkaloids without O2.
(c) Alkaloids with volatile characters.
(d) Soluble in water.
(e) Non
of the above.
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